Alzheimer’s disease (AD): emerging investigations

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Alzheimer’s disease (AD): emerging investigations. Serum neurofilaments (NFL), Serum S100B, Plasma p-tau231. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Emerging blood investigations

  • Serum neurofilaments (NFL)
  • Serum S100B
  • Plasma p-tau231
  • Plasma p-tau181
  • Serum β-synuclein
  • Plasma p-tau217/Aβ42 ratio: this misses about 50% of cases

Emerging cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) investigations

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Other emerging investigations

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References

  1. Hort J, O’Brien JT, Gianotti G, et al. EFNS guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Eur J Neurol 2010; 17:1236-1248.
  2. Preische O, Schultz SA, Apel A, et al; Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network. Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease. Nat Med 2019; 25:277-283.
  3. Mattsson N, Cullen NC, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Blennow K. Association between longitudinal plasma neurofilament light and neurodegeneration in patients with Alzheimer disease. JAMA Neurol 2019; doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.0765 (Epub ahead of print).
  4. Bellaver B, Ferrari-Souza JP, Uglione da Ros L, et al. Astrocyte biomarkers in Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurology 2021 (Online ahead of print).
  5. Ashton NJ, Pascoal TA, Karikari TK, et al. Plasma p-tau231: a new biomarker for incipient Alzheimer's disease pathology. Acta Neuropathol 2021; 141:709-724.
  6. And 8 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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