Autoimmune encephalitis: differentials
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Autoimmune encephalitis: differentials. Herpes simplex virus (HSV), Listeria rhombencephalitis. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Infections
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Listeria rhombencephalitis
- Enterovirus 71 encephalitis
- Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
- HIV
Inflammatory and autoimmune
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Neurodegenerative
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Psychiatric
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Metabolic
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Other differentials
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References
- Graus F, Titulaer MJ, Balu R et al. A clinical approach to diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis. Lancet Neurol 2016; 15:391-404.
- Flanagan EP, Geschwind MD, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis misdiagnosis in adults. JAMA Neurol 2023; 80:30-39.
- Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR. Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical spectrum and management. Pract Neurol 2021; 21:412-423.
- Funayama M, Koreki A, Takata T, et al. Differentiating autoimmune encephalitis from schizophrenia spectrum disorders among patients with first-episode psychosis. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 151:419-426.
- Della Marina A, Bertolini A, Wegener-Panzer A, et al. Mitochondrial diseases mimicking autoimmune diseases of the CNS and good response to steroids initially. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 2022; 41:27-35.
