Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical features. Personal history of other autoimmune disorders. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Potential triggers
- Personal history of other autoimmune disorders
- Family history of other autoimmune disorders
- Viral infections
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis
- TNFα inhibitors
- Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)
- Cancer
Movement disorders
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Neuropsychiatric presentations
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Cognitive presentations
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Seizures
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Criminality
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Other presentations
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Predictors of good outcome
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Predictors of poor outcome
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Residual deficits after 24 months
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References
- Abboud H, Probasco JC, Irani S, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed best practice recommendations for diagnosis and acute management. JNNP 2021; 92:757-768.
- Abboud H, Probasco J, Irani SR, et al. Autoimmune encephalitis: proposed recommendations for symptomatic and long-term management. JNNP 2021; 92:897-907.
- Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR. Autoimmune encephalitis: clinical spectrum and management. Pract Neurol 2021; 21:412-423.
- Gövert F, Leypoldt F, Junker R, Wandinger KP, Deuschl G, Bhatia KP, Balint B. Antibody-related movement disorders - a comprehensive review of phenotype-autoantibody correlations and a guide to testing. Neurol Res Pract 2020; 2:6.
- Pondrelli F, Giannoccaro MP, Bisulli F, et al. Pilomotor seizures in autoimmune limbic encephalitis: description of two GAD65 antibodies- related cases and literature review. Seizure 2022; 98:71-78.
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