Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS): causes and risk factors
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS): causes and risk factors. Women, Age in the 3rd and 4th decades. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Demographic risk factors
- Women
- Age in the 3rd and 4th decades
Occupational risk factors
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Causes
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Synonym
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Demographic risk factors
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Occupational risk factors
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Causes
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Synonym
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References
- Christo PJ, McGreevy K. Updated perspectives on neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2011; 15:14-21.
- Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2007; 46:601-604.
- Boezaart AP, Haller A, Laduzenski S, Koyyalamudi VB, Ihnatsenka B, Wright T. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Shoulder Surg 2010; 4:27-35.
- Suzuki T, Furuhata R, Iwamoto T. COVID-19 vaccination-associated thoracic outlet syndrome. Intern Med 2023; 62:143-145.
- Tender GC, Thomas AJ, Thomas N, Kline DG. Gilliatt-Sumner hand revisited: a 25-year experience. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:883-890.
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