Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS): anatomy

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS): anatomy. Neurogenic: this accounts for >90% of cases, Venous, Arterial. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Types

  • Neurogenic: this accounts for >90% of cases
  • Venous
  • Arterial

Anatomy of upper neurogenic TOS

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Anatomy of lower neurogenic TOS

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Synonym

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References

  1. Sanders RJ, Hammond SL, Rao NM. Diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome. J Vasc Surg 2007; 46:601-604. 
  2. Boezaart AP, Haller A, Laduzenski S, Koyyalamudi VB, Ihnatsenka B, Wright T. Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Int J Shoulder Surg 2010; 4:27-35.
  3. Christo PJ, McGreevy K. Updated perspectives on neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2011; 15:14-21.
  4. Tender GC, Thomas AJ, Thomas N, Kline DG. Gilliatt-Sumner hand revisited: a 25-year experience. Neurosurgery 2004; 55:883-890. 

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