Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): central neurological features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD): central neurological features. The mean onset age is 30 years. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Demographic features

  • The mean onset age is 30 years
  • It predominantly affects females in the fertile ages
  • Females are more likely than men to be antibody positive
  • The course is relapsing in 80% of cases and monophasic in 20%
  • One case has been reported following Zika virus infection

Cranial nerve features

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Cerebral features

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Brainstem features

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Spinal cord features

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Spinal movement disorders (SMDs)

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NMO relapses

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Late onset NMO

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Other rare NMO variants

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Demographic features

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Cranial nerve features

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Cerebral features

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Brainstem features

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Spinal cord features

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Spinal movement disorders (SMDs)

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NMO relapses

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Late onset NMO

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Other rare NMO variants

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References

  1. Dellavance A, Alvarenga RR, Rodrigues SH, Kok F, de Souza AW, Andrade LE. Anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies in the context of assorted immune-mediated diseases. Eur J Neurol 2012; 19:248-252.
  2. Argyriou AA, Makris N. Neuromyelitis optica: a distinct demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 128:209-217.
  3. Borisow N, Kleiter I, Gahlen A, et al; NEMOS (Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group). Influence of female sex and fertile age on neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler 2017; 23:1092-1103.
  4. Aspahan MC, Leonhard SE, Gomez RS, et al. Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder associated with Zika virus infection. Neurol Clin Pract 2019; 9:e1-e3.
  5. Oertel FC, Kuchling J, Zimmermann H, et al. Microstructural visual system changes in AQP4-antibody-seropositive NMOSD. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2017; 4:e334.
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