Multiple sclerosis (MS): ophthalmological tests
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Multiple sclerosis (MS): ophthalmological tests. These are asymmetrically abnormal in 42-100% of cases. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs)
- These are asymmetrically abnormal in 42-100% of cases
- They have a high sensitivity if the latencies differ by >6ms
Causes of symmetrically abnormal VEPs
Locked: subscribe to see this section.
Other evoked potentials
Locked: subscribe to see this section.
Optical coherence tomography (OCT)
Locked: subscribe to see this section.
Trans-orbital ultrasound
Locked: subscribe to see this section.
References
- Palace J. Making the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. JNNP 2001; 71(suppl II):ii3-ii8.
- Toosy AT, Naismith RT, Villoslada P. OCT as a window to the MS brain: The view becomes slightly clearer. Neurology 2017; 89:2404-2405.
- Xu SC, Kardon RH, Leavitt JA, Flanagan EP, Pittock SJ, Chen JJ. Optical coherence tomography is highly sensitive in detecting prior optic neuritis. Neurology 2019; 92:e527-e535.
- Villoslada P, Sanchez-Dalmau B, Galetta S. Optical coherence tomography: a useful tool for identifying subclinical optic neuropathy in diagnosing multiple sclerosis. Neurology 2020; 95:239-240.
- Outteryck O, Lopes R, Drumez É, et al. Optical coherence tomography for detection of asymptomatic optic nerve lesions in clinically isolated syndrome. Neurology 2020; 95:e733-e744.
- And 4 more. Subscribe to see the full list
Related checklists
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): general investigations
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): protocol
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): features
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): inflammatory MRI differentials
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): other MRI differentials
- Multiple sclerosis (MS): cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
