Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Macrophagic myofasciitis (MMF). This is a granulomatous inflammatory myopathy in reaction to intramuscular vaccines. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Pathology
- This is a granulomatous inflammatory myopathy in reaction to intramuscular vaccines
- The vaccines contain aluminium hydroxide adjuvants
- There may be a genetic susceptibility with HLA-DRB1*01
- It has been reported with HBV, HAV, and tetanus vaccines
- The median interval to symptom onset is 7 months: the range is 2 weeks to 8 years
- Some cases are not related to vaccination
Demographic features
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Other autoimmune syndromes induced by adjuvants (ASIA)
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Muscle features
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Cognitive features
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Other neurological features
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Systemic features
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Associated autoimmune diseases
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Differential diagnosis
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Muscle biopsy
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Other investigations
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Treatment
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Synonym
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References
- Lach B, Cupler EJ. Macrophagic myofasciitis in children is a localized reaction to vaccination. J Child Neurol 2008; 23:614-619.
- Rivas E, Gómez-Arnáiz M, Ricoy JR, et al. Macrophagic myofasciitis in childhood: a controversial entity. Pediatr Neurol 2005; 33:350-356.
- Nevo Y, Kutai M, Jossiphov J, et al. Childhood macrophagic myofasciitis-consanguinity and clinicopathological features. Neuromuscul Disord 2004; 14:246-252.
- Gherardi RK, Coquet M, Cherin P, et al. Macrophagic myofasciitis lesions assess long-term persistence of vaccine-derived aluminium hydroxide in muscle. Brain 2001; 124:1821-1831.
- Authier FJ, Cherin P, Creange A, et al. Central nervous system disease in patients with macrophagic myofasciitis. Brain 2001; 124:974-983.
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