Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS)

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS). Advanced age, Hypertension, Diabetes, Dyslipidemia, Cigarette smoking. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Risk factors: atherosclerosis

  • Advanced age
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Dyslipidemia
  • Cigarette smoking
  • Metabolic syndrome
  • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency

Risk factors: others

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Clinical features

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Radiological investigations

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Radiological features

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Medical treatment

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Endovascular treatment options

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References

  1. Hongo H, Miyawaki S, Imai H, et al. Comprehensive investigation of RNF213 nonsynonymous variants associated with intracranial artery stenosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11942.
  2. Gutierrez J, Turan TN, Hoh BL, Chimowitz MI. Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 2022; 21:355-368.
  3. Holmstedt CA, Turan TN, Chimowitz MI. Atherosclerotic intracranial arterial stenosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:1106-1114. 
  4. Li J, Chen Y, Ou Z, et al. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis in stroke patients. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:2683-2689.
  5. Mehta A, Khasiyev F, Wright CB, Rundek T, Sacco RL, Elkind MSV, Gutierrez J. Intracranial large artery stenosis and past infectious exposures: results from the NOMAS cohort. Stroke 2022; 53:1589-1596. 
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