Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): management
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): management. Infrequent contrast enhancing lesions. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features
- Infrequent contrast enhancing lesions
- Early spinal cord atrophy
- Prominent cortical demyelinating lesions
- Slower rate of new lesions than in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS)
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions more frequent in PPMS
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Genetics
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis
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Disease modifying therapy
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Investigational treatments
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References
- Giovannoni G. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. ACNR 2012; 12:8-11.
- Miller DH, Leary SM. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:903-912.
- Ingle GT, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Magnetic resonance imaging in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Res Dev 2002; 39:261-271.
- Siger M. Magnetic resonance imaging in primary progressive multiple sclerosis patients : review. Clin Neuroradiol 2022; 32:625-641.
- Elliott C, Wolinsky JS, Hauser SL, et al. Slowly expanding/evolving lesions as a magnetic resonance imaging marker of chronic active multiple sclerosis lesions. Mult Scler 2018; doi: 10.1177/1352458518814117 (Epub ahead of print).
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