Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): clinical features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): clinical features. PPMS accounts for 15% of cases of MS. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Demographic features

  • PPMS accounts for 15% of cases of MS
  • It has an equal sex ratio
  • The onset age is about 40 years: this is similar to secondary progressive MS (SPMS)
  • It often presents with motor symptoms
  • Relapses may occur decades before the initial presentation

Main clinical features

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Relapses

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Predictors of clinical disability

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References

  1. Giovannoni G. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. ACNR 2012; 12:8-11.
  2. Miller DH, Leary SM. Primary-progressive multiple sclerosis. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6:903-912.
  3. Ingle GT, Thompson AJ, Miller DH. Magnetic resonance imaging in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Rehabil Res Dev 2002; 39:261-271.
  4. Ruet A, Deloire M, Charre-Morin J, Hamel D, Brochet B. Cognitive impairment differs between primary progressive and relapsing-remitting MS. Neurology 2013; 80:1501-1508.
  5. Camp SJ, Stevenson VL, Thompson AJ, et al. A longitudinal study of cognition in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 2005; 128:2891-2898.
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