Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): differentials
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS): differentials. Motor neurone disease (MND). Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Neurodegenerative and hereditary differentials
- Motor neurone disease (MND)
- X-linked adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN)
- Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON)
- Hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP)
- Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA)
Metabolic and nutritional differentials
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Infective differentials
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Inflammatory and autoimmune differentials
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Toxic differentials
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Other differentials
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References
- Giovannoni G. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. ACNR 2012; 12:8-11.
- Thompson AJ, Polman CH, Miller DH, et al. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Brain 1997; 120:1085-1096.
- Rice CM, Cottrell D, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: progress and challenges. JNNP 2013; 84:1100-1106.
- Ito M, Masuda H, Morooka M, et al. Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease mimicking primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case with positive oligoclonal bands. Mult Scler 2026; 32:878-881.
