Post traumatic parkinsonism (PTP)

Risk features

• Parkinsonism can develop after traumatic brain injury (TBI)
• This can develop with or without any brain lesions
• The most frequent causes of TBI are motor vehicle accidents and falls
• Repetitive head injury in previous soccer players is a risk factor
• The onset of parkinsonian is within 1–6 months in 47% of cases
• It can start up to a year after TBI in subjects older than 60 years
• The severity of PTP is proportional to the severity of brain injury
• There is associated accumulation of Lewy bodies

References

1. Ferrazzoli D, Ortelli P, Versace V, Set al. Post-traumatic parkinsonism: The intricate twist between trauma, inflammation and neurodegeneration. A narrative review. J Neurol Sci 2024; 466:123242.
2. Rojvirat C, Arismendi GR, Feinstein E, Guzman M, Citron BA, Delic V. Systematic review of post-traumatic parkinsonism, an emerging parkinsonian disorder among survivors of traumatic brain injury. Neurotrauma Rep 2024; 5:37-49.
3. Miner AE, Kmiecik MJ, Namburi N, et al. Associations between cumulative head trauma and self-reported parkinsonism and Parkinson's disease in former soccer players. Mov Disord 2026; 41:2325-2337.
4. Bower JH, Maraganore DM, Peterson BJ, McDonnell SK, Ahlskog JE, Rocca WA. Head trauma preceding PD: a case-control study. Neurology 2003; 60:1610-1615.
5. Jafari S, Etminan M, Aminzadeh F, Samii A. Head injury and risk of Parkinson disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mov Disord 2013; 28:1222-1229.
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Related checklists

• Parkinson’s disease (PD): neurological risk factors
• Parkinson’s disease (PD): systemic risk factors
• Parkinson’s disease (PD): protective factors