Painful ophthalmoplegia: causes
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Painful ophthalmoplegia: causes. Aneurysms, Arteriovenous malformations (AVM), Cavernous haemangioma. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Vascular malformations
- Aneurysms
- Arteriovenous malformations (AVM)
- Cavernous haemangioma
- Dilated carotid artery
Tumours
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Cavernous sinus lesions
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Inflammatory and infective causes
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Orbital lesions
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Pituitary lesions
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Other causes
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References
- Hunt WE, Meagher JN, LeFever HE, Zeman W. Painful ophthalmoplegia: its relation to indolent inflammation of the cavernous sinus. Neurology 1961; 11:56-62.
- Kline LB, Hoyt WF. The Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. JNNP 2001; 71:577-582.
- Ropper AH, Brown RH. Principles of Neurology Eighth edition. McGraw Hill New York 2005 p234.
- Curone M, Tullo V, Proietti-Cecchini A, Peccarisi C, Leone M, Bussone G. Painful ophthalmoplegia: a retrospective study of 23 cases. Neurol Sci; (30 Suppl 1):S133-S135.
