Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO). There is impaired adduction in one eye. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Clinical features
- There is impaired adduction in one eye
- There is jerky nystagmus in the contralateral abducting eye
- It may be bilateral: this is usually in multiple sclerosis (MS)
Causes
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Causes of bilateral INO
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Wall eyed bilateral INO (WEBINO)
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One-and-a-half syndrome
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References
- Keane JR. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia: unusual causes in 114 of 410 patients. Arch Neurol 2005; 62:714-717.
- Obuchowska I, Mariak Z. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia-causes, symptoms and management. Klin Oczna 2009; 111:165-167.
- Abadi RV. Mechanisms underlying nystagmus. J R Soc Med 2002; 95: 231–234.
- Cirone D, Cimino L, Spinucci G. Uveitis and internuclear ophthalmoplegia as ocular manifestations of sarcoidosis. Saudi J Ophthalmol 2018; 32:167-170.
- Karimaghaei C, Raviskanthan S, Foster ZD, Mortensen PW, Lee AG. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia due to cryptococcal meningitis. J Neuroophthalmol 2021 (Online ahead of print).
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