HIV associated CD8 encephalitis (CD8E)

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

HIV associated CD8 encephalitis (CD8E). This is a steroid-responsive subacute encephalitis. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Epidemiology

  • This is a steroid-responsive subacute encephalitis
  • It develops in well-controlled HIV infection
  • It is more frequent in women and Black people
  • The onset is over days to months
  • It may develop after HSV encephalitis

Pathology

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Clinical features

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Differential diagnosis

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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain

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Treatment

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Outcome

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References

  1. Shenoy A, Marwaha PK, Worku DA. CD8 encephalitis in HIV: a review of this emerging entity. J Clin Med 2023; 12:770.
  2. Lucas SB, Wong KT, Nightingale S, Miller RF. HIV-associated CD8 encephalitis: a UK case series and review of histopathologically confirmed cases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:628296. 
  3. Lescure FX, Moulignier A, Savatovsky J, et al. CD8 encephalitis in HIV-infected patients receiving cART: a treatable entity. Clin Infect Dis 2013; 57:101-108.
  4. Sharma R, Spradley T, Campbell M, et al. CD8 encephalitis: a diagnostic dilemma. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:2687.
  5. Ishiguro M, Ueno Y, Ishiguro Y, et al. CD8+ T-cell encephalitis mimicking PRES in AIDS: a case report. BMC Neurol 2020; 20:179.
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