Flail arm syndrome (FAS) variant motor neurone disease (MND)

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Flail arm syndrome (FAS) variant motor neurone disease (MND). This accounts for about 10% of cases of MND. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Demographic features

  • This accounts for about 10% of cases of MND
  • The male to female ratio is about 4 to 9
  • A flail leg variant is seen in 6% of cases

Genetics

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Onset features

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Clinical features

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Differential diagnosis

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Investigations

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Pathology

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Synonym

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References

  1. Hu MT, Ellis CM, Al-Chalabi A, Leigh PN, Shaw CE. Flail arm syndrome: a distinctive variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JNNP 1998; 65:950-951.
  2. Wijesekera LC, Mathers S, Talman P, et al. Natural history and clinical features of the flail arm and flail leg ALS variants. Neurology 2009; 72:1087-1094.
  3. Liu Q, Shu S, Wang RR, et al. Whole-exome sequencing identifies a missense mutation in hnRNPA1 in a family with flail arm ALS. Neurology 2016; 87:1763-1769.
  4. Hübers A, Hildebrandt V, Petri S, et al. Clinical features and differential diagnosis of flail arm syndrome. J Neurol 2016; 263:390-395. 
  5. Solski JA, Yang S, Nicholson GA, et al. A novel TARDBP insertion/deletion mutation in the flail arm variant of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotroph Lateral Scler 2012; 13:465-470.
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