Anti GFAP autoimmune encephalitis: management
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Anti GFAP autoimmune encephalitis: management. Diffuse periventricular white matter abnormalities. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): features
- Diffuse periventricular white matter abnormalities
- Linear perivascular enhancement: extending radially from the ventricles
- Leptomeningeal enhancement
- Longitudinally extensive myelopathy
- Cerebellar atrophy
- Hippocampal atrophy: case report
- Reversible splenial lesion (RESLES)
- Partially reversible FLAIR hyperintensities on the brainstem surface
- Extensive corticospinal tract involvement
- The trident sign
- Orbital fat hyperintensity
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) features
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Other investigations
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Treatment
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References
- Fang B, McKeon A, Hinson SR, et al. Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a novel meningoencephalomyelitis. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:1297-1307.
- Flanagan EP, Hinson SR, Lennon VA, et al. Glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoglobulin G as biomarker of autoimmune astrocytopathy: analysis of 102 patients. Ann Neurol 2017; 81:298-309.
- Fang B, McKeon A, Hinson SR, Kryzer TJ, Pittock SJ, Aksamit AJ, Lennon VA. Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy: a novel meningoencephalomyelitis. JAMA Neurol 2016; 73:1297-1307.
- Zarkali A, Cousins O, Athauda D, Moses S, Moran N, Harikrishnan S. Glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody-positive meningoencephalomyelitis. Pract Neurol 2018; 18:315-319.
- Iorio R, Damato V, Evoli A, et al. Clinical and immunological characteristics of the spectrum of GFAP autoimmunity: a case series of 22 patients. JNNP 2018; 89:138-146.
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