Valproate encephalopathy
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Valproate encephalopathy. Hyperammonemic, Non-hyperammonemic. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Types
- Hyperammonemic
- Non-hyperammonemic
Risk factors
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Neurological features
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Systemic feature
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Blood tests
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Electroencephalogram (EEG): features
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis: features
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Treatment
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References
- Chopra A, Kolla BP, Mansukhani MP, Netzel P, Frye MA. Valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: an update on risk factors, clinical correlates and management. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2012; 34:290-298.
- Wadzinski J, Franks R, Roane D, Bayard M. Valproate-associated hyperammonemic encephalopathy. J Am Board Fam Med 2007; 20:499-502.
- Caruana Galizia E, Isaacs JD, Cock HR. Non-hyperammonaemic valproate encephalopathy after 20 years of treatment. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2017; 8:9-11.
- Farooq O, Zunga PM, Dar MI, et al. Non-hyperammonemic valproate encephalopathy. Ann Neurosci 2014; 21:76-79.
- Mehndiratta MM, Mehndiratta P, Phul P, Garg S. Valproate induced non hepatic hyperammonaemic encephalopathy (VNHE)- a study from tertiary care referral university hospital, north India. J Pak Med Assoc 2008; 58:627-631.
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