Tardive dyskinesia: clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Tardive dyskinesia: clinical features. The disorder develops during drug treatment or within 6 months of stopping the treatment.
Defining features
- The disorder develops during drug treatment or within 6 months of stopping the treatment
- It requires ≥ 3 months of drug use (usually 1-2 years)
- The movements persist for ≥ 1 month after stopping the treatment
- Remission occurs in about 13-25% of cases: it is spontaneous in 2%
- The onset is insidious
- There is progression followed by stabilisation
Stereotypic movements
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Akathisia (inner restlessness): manifestations
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Other movement disorders
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Respiratory dyskinesia
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Other movements
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References
- Bhidayasiri R, Boonyawairoj S. Spectrum of tardive syndromes: clinical recognition and management. Postgrad Med J 2011; 87:132-141.
- Vinuela A, Kang UJ. Reversibility of tardive dyskinesia syndrome. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2014; 4:282.
- Zutshi D, Cloud LJ, Factor SA. Tardive syndromes are rarely reversible after discontinuing dopamine receptor blocking agents: experience from a university-based movement disorder clinic. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2014; 4:266.
- Waln O, Jankovic J. An update on tardive dyskinesia: from phenomenology to treatment. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2013; 3: tre-03-161-4138-1.
- Gupta HV. Teaching Video NeuroImages: Tardive diaphragmatic tremor. Neurology 2020; 94:e656.
