Synaesthesia: clinical features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Synaesthesia: clinical features. Grapheme-colour: letter colour and number colour types, Tone-colour, Touch-vision. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Frequent types

  • Grapheme-colour: letter colour and number colour types
  • Tone-colour
  • Touch-vision
  • Somatosensory-auditory
  • Number-space
  • Time-space
  • Lexical-gustatory
  • Personification of numbers and letters
  • There are >60 different types

Clinical features

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Associated features

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Co-morbid disorders

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Assessments

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Brain imaging features

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References

  1. Hubbard EM, Ramachandran VS. Neurocognitive mechanisms of synesthesia. Neuron 2005; 48:509-520. 
  2. Ward J. Synesthesia. Annu Rev Psychol 2013; 64:49-75.
  3. Hubbard EM. Neurophysiology of synesthesia. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2007; 9:193-199.
  4. Mann H, Korzenko J, Carriere JS, Dixon MJ. Time-space synaesthesia-a cognitive advantage? Conscious Cogn 2009; 18:619-627.
  5. Banissy MJ, Jonas C, Cohen Kadosh R. Synesthesia: an introduction. Front Psychol 2014; 5:1414.
  6. And 5 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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