Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID). Traumatic brain injury (TBI), Cardiac arrest. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Causes
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Cardiac arrest
- Peduncular tuberculoma
- Hypoxia
- Brain tumours
- Meningoencephalitis
- Autoimmune limbic encephalitis
- Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH)
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
- Hydrocephalus
Autonomic features
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Dystonic features
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Triggers
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Differential diagnosis
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Treatment
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Synonyms
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References
- Blackman JA, Patrick PD, Buck ML, Rust RS Jr. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia after brain injury. Arch Neurol 2004; 61:321-328.
- Wang VY, Manley G. Recognition of paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID) in a patient with traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2008; 64:500-502.
- Kapoor D, Singla D, Singh J, Jindal R. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia (PAID) syndrome following cardiac arrest. Singapore Med J 2014; 55:e123-e125.
- Singh DK, Singh N. Paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia in a child: rare manifestation of an interpeduncular tuberculoma. Pediatr Neurosurg 2011; 47:275-278.
- Kern J, Bodek D, Niazi OT, Maher J. Refractory case of paroxysmal autonomic instability with dystonia syndrome secondary to hypoxia. Chest 2016; 149:e39-e40.
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