Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes (ITES). The presence of infection or fever, Neurological symptoms. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Diagnostic criteria
- The presence of infection or fever
- Neurological symptoms
- Neuroradiological features on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- Exclusion of other causes
Types
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Clinical features
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Differential diagnosis
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): specific features
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): general features
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Other investigations
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References
- Sakuma H, Thomas T, Debinski C, et al. International consensus definitions for infection-triggered encephalopathy syndromes. Dev Med Child Neurol 2025; 67:195-207.
- Shin J, Choi YH, Kim WJ, Lim BC. Infection-triggered encephalopathy syndrome in children: a neuroimaging perspective. Pediatr Radiol 2026 (Online ahead of print).
Related checklists
- Acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy
- Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE)
- Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC)
- CSF1R-related leukoencephalopathy
- Encephalitis lethargica
- Ethylmalonic encephalopathy
- Glycine transporter 1 (GLYT1) encephalopathy
- LAMB1 leukoencephalopathy
- Leukoencephalopathy, cerebral calcifications, and cysts (LCC)
- Leukoencephalopathy with bilateral anterior temporal lobe cysts
- Litchi (lychee) encephalopathy
- Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts (MLC)
- Methylmalonic encephalopathy
- Neuroserpin encephalopathy
- Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S)
- Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) deficiency leukoencephalopathy
