Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE)

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Acute haemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE). Upper respiratory tract infections, COVID 19, Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Infectious causes

  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • COVID 19
  • Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
  • Gram-negative septicaemia
  • Abrus precatorius poisoning
  • Mycoplasma pneumonia
  • Lyme borreliosis
  • Leptospirosis
  • Influenza H1N1 virus
  • Enteroviruses
  • Measles virus
  • Mumps virus
  • Rubella virus
  • Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
  • Epstein Barr virus (EBV)
  • Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
  • Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
  • Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
  • JC virus (JCV)
  • Eastern equine virus
  • Western equine virus
  • West Nile virus (WNV)
  • California virus
  • Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis

Non-infectious causes

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Epidemiological features

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Clinical features

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Complications

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Abnormal serum tests

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Pathological features

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Differential diagnosis

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Treatment

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Prognosis

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Synonym

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

References

  1. Alromaihi M. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis (AHLE): a comprehensive review on causes, symptoms, link with COVID-19, diagnosis, and treatment. Biomed Res Int 2022; 2022:6008375.
  2. Alsaid HM, Atawneh MAA, Abukhalaf S, Daoud A, Hamadah A, Gharaibeh K. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis - a rare but fatal form of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - complicated by brain herniation: a case report and literature review. Am J Case Rep 2022; 23:e935636.
  3. Manzano GS, McEntire CRS, Martinez-Lage M, Mateen FJ, Hutto SK. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis following COVID-19: systematic review and meta-synthesis. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2021; 8:e1080.
  4. Sharma R, Bhagwat C, Suthar R, Goyal K, Angurana SK, Vyas S, Dutta S. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis with COVID-19 coinfection. Indian J Pediatr 2022; 89:420.
  5. Sivasubramanian D, Mohamed Kalifa MRH. Acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis in a patient with hepatitis B. Cureus 2024; 16:e67587.
  6. And 21 more. Subscribe to see the full list

Related checklists

Loading...