Ictal central apnea (ICA)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Ictal central apnea (ICA). This occurs in focal seizures. It is more frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Demographic features
- This occurs in focal seizures
- It is more frequent in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE)
- It is the only seizure feature in about 15% of cases
- It is linked to spread of the seizure to the contralateral temporal lobe
Clinical features
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Predictors of prolonged duration
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Clinical implications
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References
- Lacuey N, Zonjy B, Hampson JP, et al. The incidence and significance of periictal apnea in epileptic seizures. Epilepsia 2018; 59:573-582.
- Micalizzi E, Vaudano AE, Giovannini G, Turchi G, Giunta L, Meletti S. Case report: ictal central apnea as first and overlooked symptom in temporal lobe seizures. Front Neurol 2021; 12:753860.
- Seyal M, Bateman LM. Ictal apnea linked to contralateral spread of temporal lobe seizures: Intracranial EEG recordings in refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2009; 50:2557-2562.
- Nadkarni MA, Friedman D, Devinsky O. Central apnea at complex partial seizure onset. Seizure 2012; 21:555-558.
- Nishimura Y, Saito Y, Kondo N, et al. Ictal central apnea and bradycardia in temporal lobe epilepsy complicated by obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Epilepsy Behav Case Rep 2015; 4:41-44.
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