Functional dystonia
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Functional dystonia. This has a sudden onset. There is usually a precipitating cause. The progression is rapid. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
General features
- This has a sudden onset
- There is usually a precipitating cause
- The progression is rapid
- It improves with suggestion
- It remits under sedation and anaesthesia
Functional generalised dystonia
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Functional blepharospasm
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Functional dysphonia
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References
- Factor SA, Podskalny GD, Molho ES. Psychogenic movement disorders: frequency, clinical profile, and characteristics. JNNP 1995; 59:406-412.
- Lang AE. Psychogenic dystonia: a review of 18 cases. Can J Neurol Sci 1995; 22:136-143.
- Gazulla J, Garcia-Rubio S, Modrego PJ. Clinical characteristics of psychogenic blepharospasm [abstract]. Mov Disord 2014; 29(Suppl 1):1366.
- Schwingenschuh P, Katschnig P, Edwards MJ, et al. The blink reflex recovery cycle differs between essential and presumed psychogenic blepharospasm. Neurology 2011; 76:610-614.
- Roy N. Functional dysphonia. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003; 11:144-148.
