Dystonia: medical causes
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Dystonia: medical causes. Familial, Sporadic. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Idiopathic
- Familial
- Sporadic
Infections
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Vascular causes
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Perinatal brain injury
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Neoplastic causes
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Other medical causes
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References
- Albanese A, Bhatia K, Bressman SB, et al. Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update. Mov Disord 2013; 28:863-873.
- de Carvalho Aguiar PM, Ozelius LJ. Classification and genetics of dystonia. Lancet Neurol 2002; 1:316-325.
- Grimes JD, Hassan MN, Quarrington AM, D'Alton J. Delayed-onset posthemiplegic dystonia: CT demonstration of basal ganglia pathology. Neurology 1982; 32:1033-1035.
- Apaydin H, Ozekmekçi S, Yeni N. Posthemiplegic focal limb dystonia: a report of two cases. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 1998; 100:46-50.
- Obeso JA, Martinez Vila EM, Delgado G, Vaamonde J, Maravi E, Martinez Lage JM. Delayed onset dystonia following hemiplegic migraine. Headache 1984; 24:266-268.
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