Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CryoVas): pathology and causes

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis (CryoVas): pathology and causes. This is a small vessel vasculitis. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Pathology

  • This is a small vessel vasculitis
  • It is caused by cryoglobulin deposits on the vessel walls
  • There is B cell clonal proliferation
  • These produce immunoglobulins that precipitate in the cold
  • They precipitate at <37C and dissolve on warming
  • There may be associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)

Classification: Type I

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Classification: Types II and III (mixed cryoglobulinaemia)

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Infective causes

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Autoimmune causes

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Neoplastic causes

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Other causes

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Acronym

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References

  1. Miller A, Chan M, Wiik A, Misbah SA, Luqmani RA. An approach to the diagnosis and management of systemic vasculitis. Clin Exp Immunol 2010; 160:143-160.
  2. Retamozo S, Díaz-Lagares C, Bosch X, et al. Life-threatening cryoglobulinemic patients with hepatitis C: clinical description and outcome of 279 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2013; 92:273-284.
  3. Hanna RM, So N, Kaldas M, et al. Case report: patient with hepatitis C, p-ANCA, and cryoglobulin antibodies presenting with necrotizing crescentic p-ANCA glomerulonephritis. Case Rep Nephrol Dial 2018; 8:161-170.
  4. Cacoub P, Comarmond C, Domont F, Savey L, Saadoun D. Cryoglobulinemia vasculitis. Am J Med 2015; 128:950-955.
  5. Desbois AC, Cacoub P, Saadoun D. Cryoglobulinemia: an update in 2019. Joint Bone Spine 2019; 86:707-713.
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