Cervical dystonia: clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Cervical dystonia: clinical features. Idiopathic: focal or segmental, Acquired, Genetic. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Classification
- Idiopathic: focal or segmental
- Acquired
- Genetic
General features
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Postural cervical deformities
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Associated dystonias
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Associated features
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Geste antagoniste (alleviating manouevres)
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Complications
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Differential diagnosis
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Outcome
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References
- Dauer WT, Burke RE, Greene P, Fahn S. Current concepts on the clinical features, aetiology and management of idiopathic cervical dystonia. Brain 1998; 121:547-560.
- Albanese A, Bhatia KP, Cardoso F, et al. Isolated cervical dystonia: diagnosis and classification. Mov Disord 2023 (Online ahead of print).
- Jankovic J, Leder S, Warner D, Schwartz K. Cervical dystonia: clinical findings and associated movement disorders. Neurology 1991; 41:1088-1091.
- Velickovic M, Benabou R, Brin MF. Cervical dystonia pathophysiology and treatment options. Drugs 2001; 61:1921-1943.
- LeDoux MS, Vemula SR, Xiao J, et al. Clinical and genetic features of cervical dystonia in a large multicenter cohort. Neurol Genet 2016; 2:e69.
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