Cerebral palsy (CP): skeletal features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Cerebral palsy (CP): skeletal features. Malocclusion, Temporomandibular joint dysfunction, Dental caries. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Dental

  • Malocclusion
  • Temporomandibular joint dysfunction
  • Dental caries

Foot

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Knee

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Spine

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Hip

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Pelvis

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Upper limbs

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References

  1. Zhang J, Peng L, Chang Q, et al. Maternal obesity and risk of cerebral palsy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol 2019; 61:31-38. 
  2. Xiao D, Qu Y, Huang L, Wang Y, Li X, Mu D. Association between maternal overweight or obesity and cerebral palsy in children: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205733. 
  3. Patel DR, Neelakantan M, Pandher K, Merrick J. Cerebral palsy in children: a clinical overview. Transl Pediatr 2020; 9(Suppl 1):S125-S135.
  4. Baykan Çopuroğlu Ö, Tuğay BU, Vatan MF. Temporomandibular joint disorder and gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol 2026 (Online ahead of print).
  5. Bertoncelli CM, Solla F, Loughenbury PR, Tsirikos AI, Bertoncelli D, Rampal V. Risk factors for developing scoliosis in cerebral palsy: a cross-sectional descriptive study. J Child Neurol 2017; 32:657-662.

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