Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS)

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS). This occurs in 1% of the cases. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Pathology

  • This occurs in 1% of the cases
  • It results from microvascular occlusion
  • It is a result of multiple thrombosis developing rapidly

Risk factors

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Neurological features

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Systemic features

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Diagnostic criteria

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Other differentials

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Investigations

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Treatment

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Treatment of refractory cases

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Outcome

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References

  1. Stanescu C, Andronesi AG, Jurcut C, et al. Successful treatment of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome using rituximab: case report and review of the literature. Medicina (Kaunas) 2021; 57:912.
  2. Cervera R, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Espinosa G. The diagnosis and clinical management of the catstrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a comprehensive review. J Autoimmun 2018; 92:1-11. 
  3. Mustafa R. Neurologic manifestations of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2022; 22:589-600. 
  4. Christopher N, Periaswamy G, Arunachalam VK, Mangalakumar V, Mehta P, Cherian M. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a case series. Indian J Radiol Imaging 2022; 33:235-239.
  5. Kazzaz NM, McCune WJ, Knight JS. Treatment of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2016; 28:218-227.
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