Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): neurological features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS): neurological features. The mean onset age is 42 years. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Demographic features
- The mean onset age is 42 years
- Males are more often older at onset
- Males have more epilepsy and thrombosis
- Females have more migraine and arthritis
- Younger onset patients (<15 years) have more chorea and jugular thrombosis
- Older onset patients (>50 years) have more stroke and angina
- Catastrophic APS occurs in about 0.8% of cases
Vascular features
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Neuroinflammatory features
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Cognitive features
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Movement disorders
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Psychiatric features
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Peripheral neurological features
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Other features
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References
- Hughes GRV. Migraine, memory loss and "multiple sclerosis". Neurological features of the antiphospholipid (Hughes') syndrome. Postgrad Med J 2003; 79:81-83.
- Sanna G, Bertolaccini ML, Cuadrado MJ, Khamashta MA, Hughes GRV. Central nervous system involvement in the antiphospholipid (Hughes) syndrome. Rheumatology 2003; 42:200-213.
- Cervera R, Piette JC, Font J, et al. Clinical and immunologic manifestations and patterns of disease expression in a cohort of 1,000 patients. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46:1019-1027.
- Yeo J, Hwang I, Sohn CH, Lee EE, Lee ST, Lee EB, Park JK. Proliferative vasculopathy associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in patients with neurological symptoms. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:913203.
