Anti-glycine receptor syndrome: clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Anti-glycine receptor syndrome: clinical features. This is caused by GlyRα1 antibodies. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Pathology
- This is caused by GlyRα1 antibodies
- These target the retina, the brainstem, and spinal cord
- Antibody titers correlate with disease severity
- Serum GlyRα1 antibody levels may be higher in serum than CSF
Clinical phenotypes: PERM
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Clinical phenotypes: others
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Main clinical features
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Brainstem features
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Ophthalmic features
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Psychiatric features
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Other neurological features
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Differential diagnosis
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Prognosis
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Acronym
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References
- Hinson SR, Lopez-Chiriboga AS, Bower JH, et al. Glycine receptor modulating antibody predicting treatable stiff-person spectrum disorders. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2018; 5:e438.
- McKeon A, Martinez-Hernandez E, Lancaster E, et al. Glycine receptor autoimmune spectrum with stiff-man syndrome phenotype. JAMA Neurol 2013; 70:44-50.
- Iizuka T, Tominaga N, Kaneko J. Clinical spectrum of anti-glycine receptor antibody-associated disease. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 2013; 53:1063-1066.
- Crisp SJ, Balint B, Vincent A. Redefining progressive encephalomyelitis with rigidity and myoclonus after the discovery of antibodies to glycine receptors. Curr Opin Neurol 2017; 30:310-316.
- Carvajal-González A, Leite MI, Waters P, et al. Glycine receptor antibodies in PERM and related syndromes: characteristics, clinical features and outcomes. Brain 2014; 137:2178-2192.
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