Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP): clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP): clinical features. HTLV-1 seronegative cases are recognised. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Etiology
- This is probably caused by Human T cell lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1)
- HTLV-1 seronegative cases are recognised
- Some authors suggest it is autoimmune rather than viral
Transmission
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Pathological features
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TSP endemic countries
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Spinal features
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Other neurological features
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Synonym
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References
- Zaninovic V. On the etiology of tropical spastic paraparesis and human T-cell lymphotropic virus-I-associated myelopathy. Int J Infect Dis 1999; 3:168-176.
- Zaninovic V. Possible etiologies for tropical spastic paraparesis and human T lymphotropic virus I-associated myelopathy. Braz J Med Biol Res 2004; 37:1-12.
- Gessain A, Mahieux R. Tropical spastic paraparesis and HTLV-1 associated myelopathy: clinical, epidemiological, virological and therapeutic aspects. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2012; 168:257-269.
- Morrison AA, Samudralwar RD, Berger JR. Rapidly progressive and relapsing myelitis with human T lymphotropic virus type 1: a case report and review of the literature. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2026; 13:e200570.
- Martinez ARM, Casseb RF, Martins CR Jr, Nucci A, França MC Jr. Sensory neuronopathy heralding human T cell lymphotropic virus type I myelopathy. J Neurovirol 2018; doi: 10.1007/s13365-017-0609-x (Epub ahead of print).
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