Toxoplasmosis: clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Toxoplasmosis: clinical features. Toxoplasma gondii is the causative parasite, Transmission may also be congenital. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Biology
- Toxoplasma gondii is the causative parasite
- Transmission of T. gondii cysts is food borne via raw meat, and water-borne via cat faeces
- Transmission may also be congenital
Maturation forms
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Risk factors for infection and reactivation
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Encephalitic features
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Other neurological features
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Ocular toxoplasmosis
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Congenital toxoplasmosis: features
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Congenital toxoplasmosis: differentials (TORCH complex)
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Other features
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References
- Dzikowiec M, Góralska K, Błaszkowska J. Neuroinvasions caused by parasites. Ann Parasitol 2017; 63:243–253.
- Furtado JM, Smith JR, Belfort R Jr, Gattey D, Winthrop KL. Toxoplasmosis: a global threat. J Glob Infect Dis 2011; 3:281-284.
- Wohlfert EA, Blader IJ, Wilson EH. Brains and brawn: toxoplasma infections of the central nervous system and skeletal muscle. Trends Parasitol 2017; 33:519-531.
- Paspalaki PK, Mihailidou EP, Bitsori M, Tsagkaraki D, Mantzouranis E. Polyomyositis and myocarditis associated with acquired toxoplasmosis in an immunocompetent girl. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2001; 2:8.
- Bosch-Driessen LE, Berendschot TT, Ongkosuwito JV, Rothova A. Ocular toxoplasmosis: clinical features and prognosis of 154 patients. Ophthalmology 2002; 109:869-878.
