Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): grading and outcome scales
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH): grading and outcome scales. I: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Hunt and Hess scale
- I: Asymptomatic or mild symptoms
- II: Moderate to severe symptoms and signs
- III: Drowsiness, confusion, and mild motor deficits
- IV: Stupor and moderate to severe clinical signs
- V: Coma and decerebrate posturing
World Federation of Neurological Surgeons scale
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Fisher CT grading scale
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Fisher revised (Claassen) CT grading scale
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Outcome scales
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References
- Hunt WE, Hess RM. Surgical risk as related to time of intervention in the repair of intracranial aneurysms. J Neurosurg 1968; 28:14-20.
- Report of World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Committee on a Universal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Grading Scale. J Neurosurg 1988; 68:985-986.
- Fisher C, Kistler J, Davis J. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery 1980; 6: 1–9.
- Claassen J, Bernardini GL, Kreiter K, et al. Effect of cisternal and ventricular blood on risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage, the fisher scale revisited. Stroke 2001; 32:2012-2020.
- Witsch J, Frey HP, Patel S, et al. Prognostication of long-term outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage: The FRESH score. Ann Neurol 2016; 80:46-58.
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