Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS). These start in early or mid-childhood. Most seizures occur in sleep. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Seizures
- These start in early or mid-childhood
- Most seizures occur in sleep
- They are usually prolonged episodes
Autonomic features
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Non-autonomic features
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Unusual features
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Progression
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Electroencephalogram (EEG)
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Differential diagnosis
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Synonym
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References
- Panayiotopoulos CP, Michael M, Sanders S, Valeta T, Koutroumanidis M. Benign childhood focal epilepsies: assessment of established and newly recognized syndromes. Brain 2008; 131:2264-2286.
- Covanis A. Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a benign childhood autonomic epilepsy frequently imitating encephalitis, syncope, migraine, sleep disorder, or gastroenteritis. Pediatrics 2006; 118:e1237-e1243.
- Semprino M, Galicchio S, Espeche A, et al. Panayiotopoulos syndrome: unusual clinical manifestations. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 128:108552.
- Berg E, Focke NKN, Brockmann K. Clinical differentiation of self-limited epilepsy with autonomic seizures (Panayiotopoulos syndrome) and childhood migraine. Neurol Clin Pract 2026; 16:e200630.
