Nodding syndrome: pathology
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Nodding syndrome: pathology. This is an epileptic encephalopathy. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Epidemiology
- This is an epileptic encephalopathy
- The occurs in epidemics in Sudan, Uganda and Tanzania
- The onset age is between 5 to 18 years
Possible pathogenesis: neuroinflammatory
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Possible pathogenesis: tauopathy
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Clinical stages
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Prodromal features
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Head nodding features
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Other seizure types
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Psychiatric features
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Other features
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Differential diagnosis
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Outcome
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Synonym
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References
- Wamala JF, Malimbo M, Tepage F, et al. Nodding syndrome may be only the ears of the hippo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003880.
- Idro R, Namusoke H, Abbo C, et al. Patients with nodding syndrome in Uganda improve with symptomatic treatment: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006476.
- Idro R, Opoka RO, Aanyu HT, et al. Nodding syndrome in Ugandan children-clinical features, brain imaging and complications: a case series. BMJ Open 2013; 3. pii: e002540.
- Sejvar JJ, Kakooza AM, Foltz JL, et al. Clinical, neurological, and electrophysiological features of nodding syndrome in Kitgum, Uganda: an observational case series. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:166-174.
- Mwaka AD, Semakula JR, Abbo C, Idro R. Nodding syndrome: recent insights into etiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Res Rep Trop Med 2018; 9:89-93.
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