Motor neurone disease (MND): non-genetic risk factors
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Motor neurone disease (MND): non-genetic risk factors. High physical fitness and activity, Sports. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Physical activity
- High physical fitness and activity
- Sports
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
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Individual risk factors
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Human endogenous retrovirus (HERV K)
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Heavy metals
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Possible occupational risk factors
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Uncertain risk factor: smoking
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References
- de Jong SW, Huisman MHB, Sutedja NA, et al. Smoking, alcohol consumption, and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 2012; 176:233-239.
- Huisman MH, Seelen M, de Jong SW, et al. Lifetime physical activity and the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JNNP 2013; 84:976-981.
- Visser AE, Rooney JPK, D'Ovidio F, et al; Euro-MOTOR consortium. Multicentre, cross-cultural, population-based, case-control study of physical activity as risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JNNP 2018; 89:797-803.
- Chapman L, Cooper-Knock J, Shaw PJ. Physical activity as an exogenous risk factor for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a review of the evidence. Brain 2023; 146:1745-1757.
- Zheng X, Wang S, Huang J, et al. Physical activity as risk factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2023; 270:2438-2450.
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