Mirror writing (spiegelschrift)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Mirror writing (spiegelschrift). Learning difficulty, Focal lesions of the left supplementary motor area. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Causes
- Learning difficulty
- Focal lesions of the left supplementary motor area
- Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) stroke
- Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
- Dementia
- Essential tremor (ET)
- Parkinson’s disease (PD)
- Spinocerebellar degeneration
- Corpus callosum lipoma
- Left basal ganglia haematoma
- Writer’s cramp
- Epilepsy
- Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH)
- Physiological: this sets in during the acquisition of writing
- Skilled deliberate mirror writing
Risk factors
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Clinical features
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References
- Schott GD. Mirror writing: neurological reflections on an unusual phenomenon. JNNP 2007; 78:5-13.
- Schott GD, Schott JM. Mirror writing, left-handedness, and leftward scripts. Arch Neurol 2004; 61:1849-1851.
- Chan J-L, Ross ED. Left-handed mirror writing following right anterior cerebral artery infarction: evidence for nonmirror transformation of motor programs by right supplementary motor area. Neurology 1988; 38:59-63.
- Hidalgo JC, Hidalgo JA, Leendertz R. Lipoma of the corpus callosum and mirror writing. Neurology 2010; 75:936.
- Chia LG, Kinsbourne M. Mirror writing and reversed repetition of digits in a right-handed patient with left basal ganglia haematoma. JNNP 1987; 50:786-788.
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