Microcephaly: non-genetic causes
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Microcephaly: non-genetic causes. Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Herpes simplex virus (HSV), HIV, Cytomegalovirus, Syphilis. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Congenital infections
- Toxoplasmosis
- Rubella
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- HIV
- Cytomegalovirus
- Syphilis
- Zika virus
Toxic and metabolic causes
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Nutritional causes
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Other causes
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References
- Ashwal S, Michelson D, Plawner L, Dobyns WB; Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Practice parameter: Evaluation of the child with microcephaly (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology and the Practice Committee of the Child Neurology Society. Neurology 2009; 73:887-897.
- Tang BL. Zika virus as a causative agent for primary microencephaly: the evidence so far. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:595-601.
- Williams PL, Yildirim C, Chadwick EG, et al. Association of maternal antiretroviral use with microcephaly in children who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (SMARTT): a prospective cohort study. Lancet HIV 2020; 7:e49-e58.
