Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS): clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS): clinical features. Lung, Melanoma. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Frequent primary cancers
- Lung
- Melanoma
- Merkel cell carcinoma
Other primary cancers
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Paraneoplastic syndromes
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Clinical features
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Outcome
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References
- Zhang L, Fan S, Wang J, Ren H, Guan H. Antibody-positive paraneoplastic neurological syndromes associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review. J Neurol 2025; 272:249.
- Farina A, Villagrán-García M, Vogrig A, et al. Neurological adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors and the development of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:81-94.
- Shi GQ, Lian HN, Wang H, Xia JQ, Ma LJ, Zhou J. Case report: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced paraneoplastic neurological syndrome in two patients: a case series. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1404829.
- Vilaseca A, Farina A, Villagrán-García M, et al. Neurological autoimmunity in melanoma patients: a comparison between those exposed and non-exposed to immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Neurol 2024; 271:3279-3290.
- Valencia-Sanchez C, Zekeridou A. Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and beyond emerging with the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitor cancer immunotherapy. Front Neurol 2021; 12:642800.
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