Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA): biology
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA): biology. Gadolinium (Gd) is a lanthanide rare earth metal. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Biology of gadolinium
- Gadolinium (Gd) is a lanthanide rare earth metal
- It has atomic number 64
Pathogenesis of toxicity
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Linear GBCAs: less stable
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Macrocyclic GBCAs: more stable
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Risk factors for brain deposition
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References
- Ramalho J, Semelka RC, Ramalho M, Nunes RH, AlObaidy M, Castillo M. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: an update. Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1192-1198.
- Rogosnitzky M, Branch S. Gadolinium-based contrast agent toxicity: a review of known and proposed mechanisms. Biometals 2016; 29:365-376.
- Stojanov D, Aracki-Trenkic A, Benedeto-Stojanov D. Gadolinium deposition within the dentate nucleus and globus pallidus after repeated administrations of gadolinium-based contrast agents-current status. Neuroradiology 2016; 58:433-441.
- Pullicino R, Radon M, Biswas S, Bhojak M, Das K. A review of the current evidence on gadolinium deposition in the brain. Clin Neuroradiol 2018; 28:159-169.
