Functional seizures: investigations

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Functional seizures: investigations. History, Electroencephalogram (EEG), Ambulatory EEG. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Staged diagnostic approach

  • History
  • Electroencephalogram (EEG)
  • Ambulatory EEG
  • Video EEG (vEEG) monitoring
  • Neurophysiological tests
  • Neurohumoral tests
  • Neuroimaging
  • Neuropsychological testing
  • Hypnosis
  • Conversation analysis

Serum prolactin

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Anion gap metabolic acidosis

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Suggestive seizure induction (SSI)

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Emerging investigations

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Synonyms

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References

  1. LaFrance WC Jr, Baker GA, Duncan R, Goldstein LH, Reuber M. Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a staged approach: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force. Epilepsia 2013; 54:2005-2018. 
  2. Avbersek A, Sisodiya S. Does the primary literature provide support for clinical signs used to distinguish psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epileptic seizures? JNNP2010; 81: 719-725.
  3. Seneviratne U, Minato E, Paul E. How reliable is ictal duration to differentiate psychogenic nonepileptic seizures from epileptic seizures? Epilepsy Behav 2017; 66:127-131. 
  4. Popkirov S, Jungilligens J, Grönheit W, Wellmer J. Diagnosing psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: video-EEG monitoring, suggestive seizure induction and diagnostic certainty. Epilepsy Behav 2017; 73:54-58. 
  5. Johnson AL, McLeish AC, Shear PK, Privitera M. Panic and epilepsy in adults: a systematic review. Epilepsy Behav 2018; 85:115-119.
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