Functional movement disorders: general features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Functional movement disorders: general features. These account for about 3% of movement disorders. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Demographic features
- These account for about 3% of movement disorders
- About a fifth may develop after the age of 60 years
Types
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Clinical features
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The ‘whack-a-mole’ sign
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The ‘huffing and puffing’ sign
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The ‘Hallett” sign
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Associations
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References
- Factor SA, Podskalny GD, Molho ES. Psychogenic movement disorders: frequency, clinical profile, and characteristics. JNNP 1995; 59:406-412.
- Batla A, Stamelou M, Edwards MJ, et al. Functional movement disorders are not uncommon in the elderly. Mov Disord 2013; 28:540-543.
- Stone J, Carson A, Sharpe M. Functional symptoms and signs in neurology: assessment and diagnosis. JNNP 2005; 76(suppl 1):i2-i12.
- Fasano A, Valadas A, Bhatia KP, et al. Psychogenic facial movement disorders: clinical features and associated conditions. Mov Disord 2012; 27:1544-1551.
- Park JE, Maurer CW, Hallett M. The “whack-a-mole” sign in functional movement disorders. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2015; 2:286-288.
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