Diancephalic syndrome

Pathology

• This is usually caused by tumours in or around the hypothalamus
• It may also result from brainstem and optic pathway tumours
• It has been reported with non-tumour lesions

References

1. La Spina M, Caruso M, Gulizia C, et al. Diencephalic syndrome: misleading clinical onset of low-grade glioma. Curr Oncol 2023; 30:8401-8410.
2. Trapani S, Bortone B, Bianconi M, Rubino C, Sardi I, Lionetti P, Indolfi G. Diencephalic syndrome in childhood, a challenging cause of failure to thrive: miniseries and literature review. Ital J Pediatr 2022; 48:147.
3. Tavares LS, Pinho RS, Aragão MM, et al. Diencephalic syndrome-like presentation of brainstem tumor: a series case-based review. Childs Nerv Syst 2023; 39:1115-1122. 
4. De Martino L, Picariello S, Triarico S, et al. Diencephalic syndrome due to optic pathway gliomas in pediatric patients: an Italian multicenter study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:664.
5. Poussaint TY, Barnes PD, Nichols K, Anthony DC, Cohen L, Tarbell NJ, Goumnerova L. Diencephalic syndrome: clinical features and imaging findings. AJNR 1997; 18:1499-1505.
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Related checklists

• Hypothalamic hamartoma: clinical features
• Hypothalamic hamartoma: management
• Pallister Hall syndrome (PHS)
• Hypophysitis