Cryptogenic stroke: potential causes
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Cryptogenic stroke: potential causes. Occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, Patent foramen ovale (PFO). Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Potential cardiac causes
- Occult paroxysmal atrial fibrillation
- Patent foramen ovale (PFO)
- Other right-to-left cardiac shunts
- Atrial cardiopathy
- Atrial septal aneurysm
- Aortic arch atheroma
- Substenotic atherosclerosis
- Arterial dissection
- Infective endocarditis
- Silent myocardial infarction
- Cardiomyopathies
- See also neurochecklists: “Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS)”
Potential systemic causes and risk factors
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Predictors of atrial fibrillation
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HAVOC AF prediction system
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HAVOC AF risk scoring
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References
- Zhang C, Kasner S. Diagnosis, prognosis, and management of cryptogenic stroke. F1000Res 2016; 5. pii: F1000 Faculty Rev-168.
- Li L, Yiin GS, Geraghty OC, Schulz UG, Kuker W, Mehta Z, Rothwell PM; Oxford Vascular Study. Incidence, outcome, risk factors, and long-term prognosis of cryptogenic transient ischaemic attack and ischaemic stroke: a population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14:903-913.
- Schulz UG. Cryptogenic stroke-how to make sense of a non-diagnostic entity. Maturitas 2019; 122:44-50.
- Yaghi S, Bernstein RA, Passman R, Okin PM, Furie KL. Cryptogenic stroke: research and practice. Circ Res 2017; 120:527-540.
- Yaghi S, Elkind MS. Cryptogenic stroke: a diagnostic challenge. Neurol Clin Pract 2014; 4:386-393.
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