Cervical artery dissection (CAD): investigations
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Cervical artery dissection (CAD): investigations. This is the gold standard. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
- This is the gold standard
- It most accurately detects high grade stenosis (string sign)
Ultrasound
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Other imaging features
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Radiological features of dissection
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Emerging biomarker
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References
- Latchaw RE, Alberts MJ, Lev MH, et al. Recommendations for imaging of acute ischemic stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Stroke 2009; 40:3646-3678.
- Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary. Circulation 2011; 124:489-532.
- Benninger DH, Georgiadis D, Ganjour J, Baumgartner RW. Accuracy of colour duplex ultrasound diagnosis of spontaneous carotid dissection causing ischaemia. Stroke 2006; 37:377-381.
- Arnold M, Baumgartner RW, Stapf C, et al. Ultrasound diagnosis of spontaneous carotid dissection with isolated Horner syndrome. Stroke 2008; 39:82-86.
- Pfefferkorn T, Saam T, Rominger A, et al. Vessel wall inflammation in spontaneous cervical artery dissection: a prospective observational positron emission tomography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging study. Stroke 2011; 42:1563-1568.
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