Cerebral air embolism (CAE)
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Cerebral air embolism (CAE). Central venous catheters, Neurosurgery, Lung biopsy, Chest tube insertion, Endoscopy. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Iatrogenic causes
- Central venous catheters
- Neurosurgery
- Lung biopsy
- Chest tube insertion
- Endoscopy
- Colonoscopy
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
- Varicose venous sclerotherapy
- Removal of internal jugular vein catheter
- Iatrogenic atrial-esophageal fiustula
- Endoscopic variceal ligation
- Haemodialysis
- Hydrogen peroxide washout
Non-iatrogenic causes
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Systemic features
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Neurological features
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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain: features
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Treatment
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Other causes of non-tissue embolic stroke
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References
- Judge C, Mello S, Bradley D, Harbison J. A systematic review of the causes and management of ischaemic stroke caused by nontissue emboli. Stroke Res Treat 2017; 2017:7565702.
- Kau T, Rabitsch E, Celedin S, Habernig SM, Weber JR, Hausegger KA. When coughing can cause stroke - a case-based update on cerebral air embolism complicating biopsy of the lung. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2008; 31:848-853.
- Alkhankan E, Nusair A, Mazagri R, Al-Ourani M. Systemic air embolism associated with pleural pigtail chest tube insertion. Case Rep Pulmonol 2016 ;2016:4053748.
- Oatis K, Agarwal A, Bruce-Tagoe C. Acute stroke from air embolism to the middle cerebral artery following upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Radiol Case Rep 2015; 5:359.
- Trabanco S, Pardo S, Williams M, Diaz J, Ruiz C. Cerebral air embolism after ERCP. J Clin Anesth 2017; 36:133-135.
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