Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE): clinical features
Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .
Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE): clinical features. Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Campylobacter jejuni. Fully referenced neurology checklist.
Triggers
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Haemophilus influenza
- Salmonella: typhi, paratyphi A, and dublin
- Mycoplasma pneumoniae
- COVID19
- Hypopituitarism
- Heat stroke
Typical triad
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Brainstem features
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Cerebral features
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Ophthalmic features
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Peripheral features
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Psychiatric features
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Movement disorders
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Other features
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Overlap syndromes
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Course and prognosis
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References
- Odaka M, Yuki N, Yamada M, et al. Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis: clinical features of 62 cases and a subgroup associated with Guillain–Barré syndrome. Brain 2003; 126: 2279-2290.
- Shahrizaila N, Yuki N. Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis and Fisher syndrome: anti-GQ1b antibody syndrome. JNNP 2013; 84:576-583.
- Kanzaki A, Yabuki S, Yuki N. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis associated with cytomegalovirus infection. JNNP 1995; 58:260-261.
- Kanzaki A, Yabuki S, Yuki N. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis associated with cytomegalovirus infection. Rinsho Shinkeigaku 1994; 34:399-401.
- Mori M, Koga M, Yuki N, Hattori T, Kuwabara S. Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis after an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. J Neuroimmunol 2008; 196:143-146.
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